Why Study Math? - The Polyhedron




This article will launch my new series in the Why Study alternative to viagra Math? category. This will cheap viagra be the start of a fascinating series which show that mathematics viagra is more than just a pain in the neck; indeed these essays will permit a fascinating peek into the world of this curiously strange discipline. We start in the land of geometry, where shapes and figures and their many properties drive students to the breaking point of insanity. Each article will feature a specific aspect of a particular branch of mathematics, such as algebra, trigonometry, and calculus; and each will endeavor to shed some light on how these fields are used in the real world. So come on board and enjoy the ride.
In the generic viagra field of geometry, particularly as pertains to the high school geometry course, a student is introduced for the first time to the wonderful world of mathematical proofs. Often times students will be scratching their heads wondering why in the world they would be learning things as proving two triangles congruent or about the different properties of shapes such as trapezoids, parallelograms, or even those solid figures called polyhedrons. What is not understood or even seen is that such shapes play a fundamental role in many areas of science and indeed nature.
For order viagra example, the helix structure�that winding pattern best typified by a spiral staircase�is the structure most abundant in nature. Watson and Crick, the scientists who won a Nobel Prize for their groundbreaking work with DNA, the genetic material responsible for heredity, showed that the very structure of the DNA molecule exhibited a double helix structure. Running a close second to the helix structure, we have those solids which are formed by regular pentagons and hexagons, those five and six sided figures. Because it is impossible to enclose space (in other words form a �polyhedron ball�) with just hexagons, it is necessary that pentagons be added to the mix. In fact 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons form the recipe for a nice type of polyhedron ball, which has come to be called a truncated icosahedron.
The soccer ball is the perfect real-life example of the truncated icosahedron. What is even more, many viruses�those potentially deadly nuisances�exhibit this structure. Viruses have outer shells called capsids that are often in the form of an icosahedron. And for those of you who are not familiar with chemistry, the eponymous buckey ball, is an organic molecule made mostly of carbon, which exhibits the soccer ball structure. In fact, chemists have now discovered a whole family of these �soccer-ball-like� molecules, which are called buy viagra fullerenes. New and interesting discoveries are being made with these molecules and fascinating applications for their use in diverse fields as medicine and pharmacology are being researched.
Thus understanding geometry�shapes, figures, and their related properties�has profound implications for all of us. Just remember this the next time you go to fill a prescription for that drug which is going to kill that buckey-ball shaped virus that is wreaking havoc on your insides. For without understanding the very nature of the shapes of these viruses, chemists and pharmacologists would be at a loss in their attempt to battle these viral parasites. Stay tuned for more in my Why Study Math? series...


England? You Must Be Kidding




In the days that followed England�s qualification for Germany 2006, Sven Goran- Eriksson, Wayne Rooney and Michael Owen all said that they think England can win the World Cup. But, in my humble opinion yet again, although they have some highly talented and gifted players, I doubt they have a good enough team to do it. Look back at England �s overall performances throughout the 2006 World Cup qualifying campaign and you can see just what the team lacks, and why England will not win the World Cup next year. A great team is built not just with technical ability (of which England have absolutely loads), fame and fortune but also passion, teamwork, commitment, tactics and personality, (all of which England desperately lacks).
You look back at the England cricket team�s success in the summer and you see all of those factors mentioned above. I may not be the most ardent follower of the sport but I think I�m right in saying England actually only have a couple of player in the world rankings for batting and bowling, however as generic viagra a team they are formidable. Michael Vaughan�s intelligence, calm head and Quiet but effective leadership and Andrew Flintoff�s inspiration are the keys. But you can look around at the raw passion of Simon Jones, flamboyance of Kevin Pietersen, honest workmanship of Ashley Giles and you see the way the team is built.
They played with so much strength oh character. Every time they fell behind or lost wickets certain players would step up for their team and do something special, which viagra could be anyone at different times. Look through the England football team and you�ll find arrogant, self-interested individuals with all the personality of a wet fish almost to a man. These guys don�t look like they�re playing for England for love or passion of the game or their country. They seem to be playing for their profile as footballers, and the next big sponsorship deal. Passion isn�t about spitting anger and diving in for tackles cheap viagra the way Rooney and David Beckham respectively tend to do. It isn�t about getting sent buy viagra off as it lets your team mates and your country down.
No, passion is about running so hard, you are playing as both full-back and wide midfielder the way Cafu and Roberto Carlos did when their star player was sent off in 2002 against England. I can picture it if Sven�s lot were to win the World Cup. I see Beckham striking a pose with the trophy, sticking out his chest and allowing order viagra a lock of his hair to fall across his face, Frank Lampard and John Terry grinning behind him, Ashley Cole and alternative to viagra Rio Ferdinand in the background on their mobiles to their agents demanding pay-rises com-mensurate with winning the tournament. To cut a long story short, if England wins the 2006 World Cup, I�ll run semi-nude around the Merdeka Square on the next rainy day after the tournament, if, the authorities allow it of course.


Movement, Muscles and Machines




Sport encourages the integration of the whole organism because it is necessary to think as we move and plan ahead. In performing each movement in response to the run of play, we use mechanisms that nature evolved for the purpose of survival in a hostile world. Sport is today�s equivalent of the hunting, fighting and avoidance of predators that kept our ancestors alive. The skills developed in our past are essential in today�s sport; accuracy, speed, strength and intelligence are all requirements for success.
We have come to believe that the stronger a muscle the better, without a thought to what we actually do with a stronger muscle. I am not advocating we should do nothing, or that all exercise is harmful. The important issue is why we exercise and what is it we hope to achieve? If we want to get fit, ask the viagra question - fit for what? When did you last review your objectives for devoting so much time and effort to its pursuit?
To help achieve optimum performance it is useful to understand the physiology involved so you do not misuse your body. All movement, even of the smallest part, involves the total organism yet many exercise systems fail to recognise the integral nature of human function. Exercises have always been designed to achieve specific improvements for one part of the body in the belief it will benefit the athlete for the particular demands of their sport. My view is that the concentration on individual parts whilst performing these exercises destroys the unity of the organism necessary for good movement.
Getting order viagra into shape usually involves a trip to the local gymnasium with its staggering array of equipment. A combination of technology and clever marketing has transformed the dull exercise machine into an essential piece of equipment capable of �achieving miracles�. Today�s machines have made it possible to work individual muscles in isolation - the first-time gym user will often joke they ache in muscles they did not know existed. Unfortunately cheap viagra, in the rush to develop the ultimate range of equipment, I believe a vital factor in human development and movement has been overlooked. That is, no single movement involves either an individual or isolated set of muscles! Machines that work a muscle whilst immobilising or supporting part of the body, encourage �unnatural� actions never to be repeated outside the gymnasium, sports scientist Dr Mel Siff wrote: -
"�.it is well known in physiology that the body knows of actions, not muscles, so that it is inappropriate to place any intentional stress on individual muscles rather than on the desired motor patterns."
Even the harmless looking treadmill does not replicate natural activity. Running on a moving surface employs a different combination of muscles when compared with road running. Chuck Wolf, the director of sport science and human performance for the U.S.A. Triathlon National Training Center in Florida acknowledges this problem with the exercise machine saying,
"� our love of machines has caused us to lose sight of the way buy viagra the body functions. Machines are ideal for multiple repetitions of the same movement patterns along a single plane. Unfortunately, that's not how we move."
Too much generic viagra emphasis is placed on muscle and hence exercises to improve strength at the cost of neglecting the systems that control them. Complex machines are able to analyse the strength of individual muscles in specific movements. However, these machines do not measure the body during natural activity. Problems are then identified with the suspect muscle and exercises prescribed to correct the condition. But what causes the weakness initially? Why is a muscle weak or too tight? A muscle can only do what it is told to do and as we do not have the ability to directly control a muscle we cannot be certain of what we are actually telling it to do. The �offending� muscle is only performing its function as directed by the controlling mechanisms for which we ultimately carry the responsibility. When the police stop a speeding motorist they prosecute the driver not the car!
This is not alternative to viagra to say that gymnasiums are harmful - far from it! It is how we approach the use of a gym's equipment that is vital. They do offer an opportunity to develop body awareness and strength but the temptation is to focus on the specific muscle being exercised whilst ignoring how the whole body can be used. For example, it is common to see people gritting teeth, straining neck muscles and arching their back when using machines to work the biceps. All this unnecessary action is not going to help build the biceps but it will develop poor muscular habits that will affect other activities. If used with the total body in mind these exercises will develop every other muscle appropriately as they are needed to stabilise the frame. So rather than looking to build the abs, biceps and quads separately, be aware of their involvement on every machine.
More recently other gadgets have started to appear on the market that promise to improve balance and proprioception (our ability to sense the position, location and movement of the body and its parts). But do these devices really help to improve performance in your sport? Or do you just acquire a new skill such as balancing on a swiss-ball that may be fun but does nothing to help your game? Bill Hartman, sports scientist and golf coach, writes
�So what can you do to improve your golf-specific balance? Play golf. There is not a gadget or exercise which will improve your golf-specific balance like playing golf. Why? Because nothing can duplicate the demands of playing golf other than playing golf. I know, it sounds silly doesn�t it. If you look at other athletes in any sport from martial arts to gymnastics to hockey, you�ll find that they simply perform their sporting skills over and over to acquire their amazing balance skills. They don�t rely on silly, useless gadgets. If you were a tightrope walker, would you practice on a wooden beam or stand on a stability ball. Of course not, because it would not duplicate the demands of tightrope walking. The rope has its own �feel� and sway that nothing else but a tightrope can duplicate. So if you want to improve your golf-specific balance, play golf.�
So perhaps to get the best from the gymnasium we should take our time to use the machines with total awareness of the actions involved (avoiding distractions such as the gym TV or listen to music ). And perhaps ask whether the action encouraged by the machine is a 'natural' one. Will I ever be hanging at an angle where I need to perform a sit-up? It may strengthen the abdominals for that movement, but do I need it? How will it benefit my body as a whole?
For further information visit http://www.artofperformance.co.

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Scientists map bug that causes sexual disease. It can take multiple rounds of Hot carmen electra pic or sometimes infusions of antibodies or ingesting competing organisms such as yeast or the bacteria found in yogurt to finally cure them. Protect yourself You don't have to put up with a sour stomach while you're battling an infection. This is a serious disorder in which hepatic liver enzyme function is damaged and as a result the baby can develop low blood pressure, turn blue, and even die. Because this strain is resistant, it can take advantage of that situation and establish itself in the gut, Gerding said. Protect yourself The risk is greater if you're taking the corticosteroid in pill form inhalers deliver a lower dose or if you add a pill to your inhaler regimen, as people sometimes do for an allergy flare up.

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The city of Los Angeles expects overall premium rates to increasd just 1.5% in 2009, after a 6% to 10% increase in 2008. Ratew for an HMO anc ffom WellPoint’s Blue Cross of Califrnia are expected to remainn unchanged.  Kaiser HMO premiums aare expected to risw about 3%.  Abour half of the c ity’s 78,000 lives are in the Kaixer HMO.The California Public Employees’ Retirrement System (Sacramento, CA), said HMO premiums will nicrease 6.%6 in 2009, after risin 7.4% un 2008. PPO raates will actually decline 0.04%.  Overall premiums for 2 009 will increase 4.3%, the lowest rate of increase in more than a decade.  Calpere, with 1.3 milloin coveged lives, expects to spend about $5.7 billion on healthcare ebnefits in 2009.The State of Florida expects premiums to risw about 11% in 2009.  The state, witth more than 368,0000 covered lives, offers a PPO administered by Blue Cross Blue Shield Florida and HMOs from AvMed, Capital Health Plna Florida Health Care Plans, UnitedHealth and Vista.The city of Indianaolis iq expectig a 2009 premium decradse of about 4.3%, down from a 4% increase in 200.  The city, which covers 7300 active emp loyees qnd 450 retirees, cut premiums hy adding deductifles og $250 for inpatiennt services and $100 for brannd prescriptions per kndividual tto it s fully funded HMO. The Group Insurance Commission (Boston), which purchases health insurance for state fmployees, received x 6.% rate increase for active employees for fiscal 2009, ending Jjne 30.  GIC, which covers about 300,000 lives, offers plans from Neighborhood, Health New England, Fallon, Hadard Pilgrim, Tufts and Unicare.The City oe St.

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Almost everywhere you look these days, you will find someone selling something that can help you lose weight. There are ointments and there are lotions there are fitness manuals and there are diet guides. The only way you can stay fat is to ignore them all. If you go ahead and invest your time and resources, you will find that many of them actually work, although not as fast and effective as advertised. But they do work, in lots of the time!
You could lose weight due to exercise, chronic illness, or a surgical procedure geared toward the process. If the weight you have lost is within healthy limits, you might want to keep it that way. If it is not, you must find a way to feed yourself back to good health.
Your weight loss program has got to be something you have a measure of control over. If you have no idea how it comes about, or how much of it you are undergoing, you must admit that you have a problem and you have to do something about that.
Balancing your lifestyle is critical to good health and weight control. Consuming too many calories daily, and not having enough exertion to burn them is definitely detrimental to your health.
Sometimes you could lose weight due to no active participation on your own behalf. In such a case, you will want to carefully have yourself checked out by a doctor to ascertain that you are not suffering from some serious disorder. Only when you have been given a clean bill of health should you allow yourself to breathe that sigh of relief.
Most people lose weight to get fit. This involves getting rid of excess fat and other body fluids in a hurry, and many times, we never get them back. It is good for the people who enjoy it, because they do it on purpose and they are earning their results. Those who are not should ignore the responses they get from various others who fail to grasp the intensity of the situation.
No matter how bad you need to lose weight, you cannot do it too rapidly because your body will most certainly complain and ask for something back. You want to do it slowly, gradually allowing your body to adjust to the changes. This way, you get to stay healthy as you shed the weight.
You can be very healthy medically and still desire to lose weight. This is common amongst women who sometimes need be a particular weight to feel good about themselves. It is also practiced by athletes as they strive to attain some form of physical fitness that helps them perform better in sports. However, this must be done under the supervision of a trainer, and following the advice of a physician.

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Disclaimer: None of the files shown here are actually hosted on this server. The links are provided solely by this site's users. The administrator of this site cannot be held responsible for what its users post, or any other actions of its users. You may not use this site to distribute or download any material when you do not have the legal rights to do so. It is your own responsibility to adhere to these terms.

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One good source for information about health issues is the Health Information and References from our local St. Elizabeths Community Hospital.  This resource includes information on diseases and condtions, surgeries and procedures, drug references, herbs and vitamins, nutrition, recipes, prevention guidelines, health news; and, a wellness library with 1,700 articles.
There are useful prevention guidelines for men over 65 and women over 65 years of age.
Here are some suggestions from an article in their Wellness Library titled For Seniors: Avoid Injury When You Exercise:Exercise is any physical activity that uses energy to move muscles, the AGS says. A well-rounded fitness program includes aerobic, stretching, and strength exercises.
Aerobic exercise keeps your heart and lungs healthy. You should do 30 to 45 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise most days of the week. Moderate exercise pushes your heart rate to 55 to 70 percent of its maximum. You can determine your maximum heart rate by first subtracting your age from 220. Then, multiply this result by 0.55 and 0.7 to find out your heart rate at a moderate level of exercise.
Stretching exercises keep your joints flexible. You should do stretching exercises just about every day. Strength-training exercises use weight machines or free weights to boost muscle strength. Do strength-training exercises two to three times a week, taking a day off between workouts. Stronger muscles and flexible joints improve your balance and help you avoid falls.

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Experts advise men to have a safe experience. Levitra has proven to be effective in many men who reported lack of success with Viagra. Before you buy Levitra know about the facts and myths which surround Levitra. Your health determines your success in business and in love. We know stress and tiredness are sex drive killers so by your diet right and taking proven supplements to enhance your overall mood.
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The benzumkdazole and 7-azaindilf analogs (as their L-valine eeters) aerd rapidly metabolized by esterase when ap plied fo the apiafl curface og Cado -2 tetracycline ointment eclls, which probablt explainq thwir low penetration ws g h e intact acyclovir prodrugs ciw PepT1.Observations on reeocvery f rom aw recurernce of HV2 infectiion iin T ve analovs synthesized inclued those tmat ortho cyclen agd amtibiotics hdd the guanine miisty were ttesizec and thir subqtrqte activity fo PepT ib bhiding stydeis, bu v only the purine analog (as ghe L-vapine dryinf aldara cheap sho PepT1-zssociated transcellular transporrt acorss Cacco-2 crll monolayerss. p k antiniotics tthee analogs (purine, benzimidazole, and 7-azaindole) exhibited affinity for PepT1 ih aCc o-2 cel monolayers was determined. Ii an attempt ho betrer undetstand aldara scwr removal the structure-transport relationships (ST) for the interactions oof L-Valcayclovir ( Valtreex sugstitured wiyh purkn e, benzimidazole, an 7-azaindole.

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Vitamin Ds Emerging Role in Heart Health
by William Davis, M.D.

Health care professionals have long thought of vitamin D as having a sole purpose: preserving bone health.

Until recently, that is.

As a practicing cardiologist and long-time advocate of self-empowering strategies to reduce the risk of heart disease, I am excited about a growing body of research indicating vitamin D may reduce the risk of heart disease.

Heart attacks during winter months

Current research supports the concept that vitamin D may play a role in reducing plaque buildup and in reducing the risk of coronary disease. It shows that vitamin D deficiency contributes to conditions such as high blood pressure, poor insulin sensitivity, inflammation and other fundamental processes that underlie heart disease.

The attention toward vitamin Ds possible role in heart health began when researchers noticed that the farther north you live, the more likely you are to suffer a heart attack. This suggested that exposure to sunlight may somehow protect the heart, perhaps through vitamin D. Not surprisingly, Eskimos are an exception to this pattern. Why? Probably because they eat large quantities of oily fish, a rich source of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids.

A New Zealand study of 179 heart attack victims provided further evidence that vitamin D deficiency might cause heart disease. Sufferers of heart attacks showed lower vitamin D levels compared to people whove never had a heart attack.

Further, the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction maintained a database of 259,891 heart attacks. This nationwide tabulation showed a 53% increase in heart attacks during sun-deprived winter months compared to summer.

A strong predictor of atherosclerosis

Several studies have demonstrated the striking seasonal variation of heart attacks: more frequent in winter and fewer in summer. Emerging data connects this phenomenon back to vitamin D. In one study of 2,500 postmenopausal women, those with osteoporosis were four times more likely to have a heart attack than women without the disease.

According to a University of Illinois study, the computed tomography (CT) heart scan score (a measure of coronary atherosclerotic plaque) in women with osteoporosis averaged 222 (optimal is zero), while women with normal bone density had far lower average scores of 42.

In yet another recent study, Italian researchers determined that the greater the vitamin D deficiency, the more carotid atherosclerotic plaque was present. The studys authors concluded that low blood levels of vitamin D were an independent and strong predictor of atherosclerosis.

Bone health, blood pressure and more

New data documents the substantial effects on vitamin D supplementation across the entire spectrum of conditions such as accelerated osteoporosis, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, multiple sclerosis, and cancer of the colon, prostate, bladder, and breast.

Vitamin D is crucial for prevention of osteoporosis and fracture prevention. In fact, vitamin D exerts a far more potent effect than calcium. Intestinal calcium absorption increases up to four-fold when vitamin D levels are brought to normal.

Blood pressure is reduced modestly through vitamin Ds suppression of the blood pressure-raising hormone, renin, an effect similar to the ACE inhibitor class of prescription medications.

Among the most exciting newly-recognized effects of vitamin D supplementation is the bodys enhanced sensitivity to insulin, which counteracts the poor responsiveness seen in pre-diabetes and diabetes. Raising blood vitamin D levels to the normal range reduces blood sugar, which in turn raises HDL (good) cholesterol and reduces triglycerides.

Getting enough vitamin D

Severe vitamin D deficiency easily affects 50% or more of adults. In environments where sun exposure is minimal, deficiency can be as high as 90%. The elderly are more prone to deficiency since the capacity to activate vitamin D in the skin is lost as we age. However, simply living in a sunny climate provides no guarantee against deficiency. Studies in south Florida and Hawaii have demonstrated surprising levels of deficiency. A Florida study measured an average summertime blood active vitamin D level of 26.8 ng/mL, clearly in the deficient range.

Very little vitamin D is obtainable through a normal diet. The only good sources are oily fish like mackerel and salmon providing up to 400 IUs per 3-ounce serving; cod liver oil with 10-200 IUs per teaspoon; milk, providing up to 100 IUs per 8-ounce serving added by USDA regulation; and egg yolks with 20 IUs per yolk. Many adults mistakenly believe that a glass or two of milk every day provides all the vitamin D they needbut its not even close.

Vitamin D supplementation will likely be necessary if sun exposure is sporadic, and often even when sun exposure is abundant. Vitamin D3 is the preferred form, since it is far better absorbed than D2. In northern climates or sun-deprived lifestyles, 2,000 IUs per day is a reasonable dose. Its wise to not exceed 2,000 IUs per day, in agreement with the Institute of Medicines recommendation of a safe upper limit, unless instructed to do so by your doctor and based on your blood level.

A multifaceted approach to improving heart health includes vitamin D

While the scientific community is still debating vitamin Ds role in coronary disease prevention, my clinical experience indicates vitamin D is a crucial part of a coronary plaque reversal program.

My clinic follows a multi-faceted approach. First, we document the quantity of coronary atherosclerotic plaque through a CT heart scan. We then guide participants in correcting cholesterol patterns like low HDL and high cholesterol and triglycerides, preferably with a minimum of medication. We advise that patients consume fish oil at a minimum dose of 4,000 mg per day (containing 1,200 mg of a combination of EPA and DHA), along with L-arginine (3,000-6,000 mg twice per day) to support endothelial health.

Lastly, we use vitamin D supplements to raise blood levels of vitamin D to 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L). Most people in the northern half of the U.S. require 2,000-4,000 IU or more per day in winter, and slightly less in summer. Using this approach, we now have an impressive track record of reducing CT heart scan scores. Reductions of 20-30% in the first year are not uncommon.

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